Endocrinology is the branch of medicine that deals with the study of internally secreting glands and hormones, analysing their nature, production and action. The endocrine glands release their products directly into the circulating fluids and include: thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary, epiphysis, thymus, adrenal glands, endocrine pancreas, interstitial glands of the testis and ovary.
The endocrinologist deals with the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the endocrine glands and consequent diseases. The most frequently treated conditions include: short stature, diabetes, metabolic disorders, infertility, thyroid diseases, menopause, hypertension, cholesterol problems, puberty disorders, altered hormone production, osteoporosis and endocrine tumours.
The endocrinologist mainly uses laboratory tests to diagnose and monitor endocrine disorders, often through glandular stimulation or inhibition tests. The analysis of blood samples makes it possible to assess hormonal response. Fundamental is also the use of imaging, which is useful for visualising abnormalities of the endocrine organs.
It is advisable to request an endocrinological examination in the event of abnormalities revealed by laboratory tests, the appearance of new symptoms related to endocrine diseases, difficulties in the management of already diagnosed diseases, or the need for a second opinion. A timely specialist consultation enables optimal management of endocrine dysfunction and improvement of the patient’s quality of life.